Napoleon+Bonaparte

Chris, Kevin S

= __// Napoleon Bonaparte Timeline //__ = media type="custom" key="5437503" //** Information Citations ** // 1. McKay, John P., et al. A History of Western Society. 9th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008. Print. 2. McLynn, Frank. //Napoleon: a biography. //  New York: Arcade Pub., 2002. Print.
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1. Descendant, Anonymous. //Napoleon //. N.d. //Wikipedia //. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. . 2. Gros, Antoine Jean. //Bonaparte at the Bridge of Arcole, Louvre //. 1801. Art Renewal Center. //Art Renewal //. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. . 3.Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique. //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">Napoleon on his Imperial Thrown //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">. 1806. Musée de l’Armée, Paris, France. //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">NapoleonBonaparte.hit //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌File:Ingres,_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg>. 4. PHGCOM. //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">Napoleon sur son lit de mort Horace Vernet 1826 //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">. 1826. Musee de la Legion d“Honneur, France. //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">Wikipedia.com //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌File:Napoleon_sur_son_lit_de_mort_Horace_Vernet_1826.jpg>. 5. Simon Gérard, François Pascal. //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">Joséphine of France //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">. 1801. //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">Hermitage.com //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌File:Jacques-Louis_David_017.jpg >.
 * //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">Picture Citations //**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">

=// __Accomplishments of Napoleon__ //= //**__France before Napoleon__**// Napoleon Bonaparte lived as the most influential dictator in Europe during the late 1700s and the early 1800s. In the mid 1700s France was under the rule of Robespierre (aka The Reign of Terror). Robespierre persecuted many people and punished each person harshly. Following Robespierre came the directory, which existed as a five-person dictatorship similar to Robespierre. Napoleon detected what was going on and the mistreatment of the people of France. He overthrew the directory and established a dictatorship in which he ruled all of France. Upon overthrowing the directory he changed his title to the Consul for Life and established the Napoleonic Code. This code provided people with rights, established due process/habeas corpus and allowed people to own private property. Under this code the people of France could prosper without the fear of persecution. The Napoleonic Code proved to be quite influential in the European governments. In fact the Napoleonic Code became one of the biggest influences in the modern European government. Napoleon understood the minds of the people of France and fulfilled the needs of the majority of France’s citizens. “Here are only two forces that unite men - fear and interest,” he used the promise of rights to win the interest of the Bourgeoisies of France. Napoleon founded the Sanhedrin, which gave rights to Jews in France. This act may seem quite insignificant but before his reign, no other European country ever allowed the Jewish people to worship freely. Being the dictator of France gave him access to the army in which he used to conquer and unite almost all of Europe. He conquered the Prussians, Austrians, Russians, Italy and many other countries. At the highest point of his reign, he controlled all but the British and left certain countries neutral. He was so successful that he even bragged to the Pope Pius VII, “my business is to succeed, and I’m good at it. I created my Iliad by my actions, create it day by day.” With all this power, he became even more influential. He established the Concordat, which united the Roman Catholic Church with France. He paid the expenses of the bishops, priest and in return was given the privilege to elect the clergy. As the Emperor of France, he successfully maintained peace between the ever-struggling Roman Catholic Church. His last accomplishment consisted of the establishment of the Continental System. Although many historians say that the Continental System was not one of the greatest ideas from Napoleon, it did influence the economy of Europe. The Continental System limited the trade going to Great Britain from any country that was under the reign of Napoleon (essentially every country in Europe) and forced those countries to trade with France instead. By creating this system the economy of France went up as more and more countries traded with France. Napoleon existed as the greatest dictator of his time, the emperor of France and one of the most influential leaders of Europe. = //__List of Major Accomplishments__// =
 * //__Start of the Napoleonic Era and the Napoleonic Code__//**
 * //__Freedom of Religion__//**
 * //__The Continental System__//**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">General of the French army
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Emperor/Consul for Life of France
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Napoleonic Code
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Concordat
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Sanhedrin
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Conquering all of Europe (aside from Great Britain)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Establishment of the Confederation of the Rhine
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Continental System
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Greatest Dictator of his time

//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">Information Citations ** //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;"> 1. McKay, John P., et al. A History of Western Society. 9th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008. Print. 2. McLynn, Frank. <span style="font-family: Myriad,Helvetica,Tahoma,Arial,clean,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">Napoleon: a biography. // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;"> New York: Arcade Pub., 2002. Print. 3. Johnson, Paul. <span style="font-family: Myriad,Helvetica,Tahoma,Arial,clean,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">Napoleon. // <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> New York: Vikings, 2002. Print. 4. Napoleon Bonaparte Quotes. Brainyquote, 2010. Web. 25 Feb. 2010. <http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/n/napoleon_bonaparte.html>.

=//Chart of Social, Political and Economical Influences of Napoleon Bonaparte//=

// __Before Napoleon's Rise to Power__ //
(McLynn 25~30, 85~90)
 * ===__// Social //__=== || ===__// Political //__=== || ===__// Economic //__=== ||
 * Napoleon served the French as a soldier in the military. Due to much success he was promoted to a general.

Right before the Reign of Terror came the French Revolution. Many people marched up to the Bastille that held criminals that spoke out against government. People stormed the streets and Louis XVI abdicated shortly afterwards. (McLynn 37~44) || Reign of Terror. Robespierre took over the government after the fall of Louis XVI. During this time period the rights of the Bourgeoisies and many other citizens were persecuted for crimes that they didn’t commit. (McLynn 44~49, 70~80)

The Directory. After they overthrew Robespierre they took over France with a five person dictatorship. This didn’t work out in France because all five members were corrupt. There wasn’t much improvement compared to the Reign of Terror. People were still killed for speaking out against the government. (McLynn 45~65) || Louis XIV was known for building the palace of Versailles. The upkeep of the building costs a great deal of money. He had to pay for his government officials, servants and on top of all, he constantly waged useless war that he eventually lost. This sent France into a large debt so deep that it would take many years to clear off. (McKay 533~538)

There was an economic problem throughout most of Europe. Nobles took up around 1% of France’s population but controlled over 90% of the money. The rest of the 10% were divided by 99% of the French population. This gave Napoleon the chance to rise to power by promising the Bourgeoisies part of the money. (McKay 553~557)

Due to the large debt of the French Government the bourgeoisies were heavily taxed to pay off the debt owned by the government. This angered the bourgeoisies because the king refused to tax the Nobles. (Kozol Class Notes 11/16/09~11/17/09) ||

//__The Napoleonic Era (Napoleon as a Dictator)__//
(McLynn 252~262)
 * === //__Social__// === || === //__Political__// === || === __//Economic//__ === ||
 * The Sanhedrin was the very first document in Europe to grant Jews the right to practice their religion. Prior to this Europe was comprised mainly of the Catholics and the Jews were prosecuted many times.

The Concordat was a document signed the legally made the Roman Catholic Church the religion of France under the rule of Napoleon. Napoleon chose the priests, bishops and clergy. In return the Catholics were declared the religion of Napoleonic France. (McLynn 237~249) || Napoleon took over as a dictator following the fall of the Directory. He called all the shots and attempted to expand French influence further each and every year. (McLynn 229~237)

The Napoleonic Code was established and it gave rights to the Bourgeoisies. This was one of the first governments in France that was stable and wasn’t a monarchy. (McLynn 252~262) || Under Napoleon, the French opened a bank called the Bank of France. This altered the currency used from gold and silver pieces to paper money. (McLynn 263~270)

Napoleon during the height of his reign set up a Continental System. This was a tariff system that set up a trading blockade against England. Essentially Napoleon threatened to attack any country that traded with England. (McLynn 421~443)

Napoleon was also known for selling the US a large part land. This transaction is known as the Louisiana Purchase. (McLynn 263~270) ||

//__Napoleon's Downfall__//
(Guérard 169~179) || Following Napoleon’s downfall Europe began to fear the French influence. The Congress of Vienna was called to order to prevent the rise of anyone this powerful in Europe. This led to a creation of a balance of power in Europe. It also gave rise to a Austrian Prime minister called Metternich. He became known as the protector against any nationalistic movements (Guérard 184~189)
 * ===__// Social //__=== || ===__// Political //__=== || ===__// Economic //__=== ||
 * Although Napoleon was looked down upon by Europe, many different ethnic groups felt a surge of nationalism as Napoleon slightly united them. This gave rise to the Romantic Movement which originated from the Germans. (at the time the Germans were part of Prussia)

The Bourbon Line (Louis XIII, Louis XIV, Louis XV, Louis XVI…) was re-established. Due to Napoleon’s reign Europe had a resentment towards the Democratic/Republic style government. All the countries went back to getting ruled by a monarch. (Kozol Class Notes 11/24/09) || Due to Napoleon’s harsh rule on England, this angered the British and so the parliament set up the corn laws. The corn laws were tariffs established to prevent any outside country from trading with England. (Guérard 169~179)

Napoleon gave rise to nationalism and many people feared this movement. Austria set up the Zollverein that helped improve the economy of Austria while destroying the economy of the Germans. (Guérard 169~179) || //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px;">Information Citations ** //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px;"> 1. McKay, John P., et al. A History of Western Society. 9th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008. Print. 2. McLynn, Frank. <span style="font-family: Myriad,Helvetica,Tahoma,Arial,clean,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 11px;">Napoleon: a biography. // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px;"> New York: Arcade Pub., 2002. Print. 3. Johnson, Paul. <span style="font-family: Myriad,Helvetica,Tahoma,Arial,clean,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 11px;">Napoleon. // <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> New York: Vikings, 2002. Print. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 80%;">4. Kozol Class Notes <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">

media type="custom" key="5563361" width="196" height="196" <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande',helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; white-space: pre;">Watch it in a bigger screen Citations 1. Marrin, Albert. //Napoleon and the Napoleonic Wars//. New York: Vikings, 1991. Print. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal;">2. McGuire, Leslie. //Napoleon//. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Print. <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">3. GoAnimate. New York: GoAnimate, 2010. Online Java

= __Test Your Knowledge__ media type="custom" key="5599563" =
 * After each question there will be feedback telling you where the answer is found on this wiki

__Work Cited__= //**Information Citations**// <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">1. GoAnimate. New York: GoAnimate, 2010. Online Java 2. Guérard, Albert. //A Great Life In Brief: Napoleon I//. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1967. Print. 3. Johnson, Paul. //Napoleon//. New York: Vikings, 2002. Print. 4. Marrin, Albert. //Napoleon and the Napoleonic Wars//. New York: Vikings, 1991. Print. 5. McGuire, Leslie. //Napoleon//. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Print. 6. McKay, John P, et al., eds. //A History of Western Society//. 9th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008. Print. 7. McLynn, Frank. //Napoleon//. New York: Arcade Publishing, 1997. Print. 8. “Napoleon Bonaparte Quotes.” //BrainyQuote//. Brainymedia.com, n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. <http://www.brainyquote.com/‌quotes/‌authors/‌n/‌napoleon_bonaparte.html>. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> 1. Descendant, Anonymous. //Napoleon//. N.d. //Wikipedia//. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌File:NapoleonDavid.jpg>. 2. Gros, Antoine Jean. //Bonaparte at the Bridge of Arcole, Louvre//. 1801. Art Renewal Center. //Art Renewal//. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌File:1801_Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Bonaparte_on_the_Bridge_at_Arcole.jpg>. 3.Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique. //Napoleon on his Imperial Thrown//. 1806. Musée de l’Armée, Paris, France. //NapoleonBonaparte.hit//. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌File:Ingres,_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg>. 4. PHGCOM. //Napoleon sur son lit de mort Horace Vernet 1826//. 1826. Musee de la Legion d“Honneur, France. //Wikipedia.com//. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌File:Napoleon_sur_son_lit_de_mort_Horace_Vernet_1826.jpg>. 5. Simon Gérard, François Pascal. //Joséphine of France//. 1801. //Hermitage.com//. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌File:Jacques-Louis_David_017.jpg >.
 * //Picture Citations//**