Ghandi

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__**Summary of Gandhi's Achievements**__
**Early Life** Mohandas Gandhi, later called Mahatma (a title issuing respect) was born October 2, 1869 in Porbandar State India, to a prime minister and a devout Jain. Gandhi was married at age thirteen, in 1882 to Kasturbai in an arranged marriage. At sixteen, Gandhi’s father died and he became more interested in religion, which later shaped his life. Gandhi attended college in England where he studied to be a lawyer and returned to India where he took unsuccessful steps in his career as a lawyer. Since he could not find work in India, Gandhi moved to South Africa where he experienced racial discrimination. Gandhi fought the intolerance by creating the Natal Indian Congress and publicizing the Indians’ fight for equality. When the Boer War occurred in India, Gandhi set up an emergency Indian Ambulance Corps to help out despite the fact that they were terribly discriminated against. Gandhi created the //Indian Opinion//, a newspaper in South America, and organized a protest against laborer taxes. Eventually the government recognized some of the works of Gandhi when it came up with the Indian Relief Act in 1914, which repealed some of the inflictions that had been previously placed on Indians. (Hatt 6 16)

**Back in India** Gandhi returned to India and began his fight for Indian home rule. He began work with the Indian National Congress and began to help the poor and lower castes. Gandhi began to fight harder for the poor and soon began to fast to bring a change. (Hatt 22 25)

**Fight for Change** In 1919, the Rowlatt Acts was passed, making it impossible for people to oppose the British government in any way. On March 30 of that same year, Gandhi organized a strike against the Rowlatt Acts that occurred throughout all of India. Because of his strike, the British never made the Rowlatt Acts official. (Kiminsky) In 1921, Gandhi became very active with the Indian Council and began to make moves to create Indian independence from England. He encouraged the people from India to spin their own cloth and rid themselves of English textiles.(The Spinning Wheel Campaign) In 1922, Gandhi encouraged the people not to pay their taxes so that the British would not have the money to continue their rule in India. Days before he issued his wishes though, violence broke out and he called it off. On March 10 Gandhi was arrested for writing anti-British government literature. Gandhi was sentenced to six years in prison but was released early when he developed appendicitis. On January 26, 1930 Gandhi published the Indian Declaration of Independence. On March 12, 1930 Gandhi made a protest targeted at England’s new salt tax. Gandhi, along with many followers, marched 93 miles to the ocean where Gandhi committed the illegal act of picking up salt. (Graham) This caused more Indians to find non-violent ways to disrupt British rule. On May 4, Gandhi was once again arrested. Though Gandhi was imprisoned, his followers continued their protest against the salt taxes.

**Later in Life** India gained their independence on August 15, 1947. Gandhi continued to work for peace but was killed by a Hindu radical on January 30, 1948. His ashes were spread where the Ganges and Jumna rivers meet and his memory still remains. (Bates)

Made by Sarah = __ Gandhi's Social, Political, and Economic Background __ =
 * Social || Gandhi's mother was a devout Jain so Gandhi had first hand experience with different religions and ways of life. His mother's Jainism also resulted in his strict vegetarianism. (Liukkonen) || Gandhi was married young in an arranged marriage to an uneducated girl. She later helped him in much of his career and his fight for justice. (Kasturba Gandhi) || Gandhi went to the University College of London. He learned the ways of the white people and saw how much England controlled India. This was what birthed his urge to fight for India's liberty. (Chater) || Gandhi was spiritual and he led an extremely religious life in India, where he was an example to the people around him. His beliefs still effect people today. (Srinivas) || Gandhi was an extreme pacifist and a promoter of world peace. He attempted bringing peace between Muslims and Hindus which indirectly killed him. He was murdered by a radical Hindu (Mahatma Gandhi: Biography, information, and pictures) ||
 * Political || Gandhi was the son of the prime minister of Porbander State which immediately gave him a connection to the people. His father's position also resulted in his extensive and well-rounded education. (Biography of Mahatma Gandhi) || Gandhi witnessed the racial discrimination in South Africa first-hand when he was afflicted repeatedly because of apartheid laws. || Gandhi lived during the age of imperialism which promoted much of his work, namely removing India from England's rule. || Gandhi was alive during the Boer War and present in South Africa where he created an Emergency Indian Ambulance Corps. (Hatt 16) || Gandhi met with the great world leaders and showed them that he was simply trying to bring independence to India with peace and non-violence. He impacted the rulers in a great way and was a great example thanks to his prominent beliefs and his power built on peace. ||
 * Economic || Gandhi witnessed the poor people that suffered in India and worked very hard to improve their living conditions. Much of his work was centered around them. || Gandhi was Hindu and thus saw the injustice in the caste system, which he worked hard to change || Gandhi had intense views concerning economics and hated laziness. He thought that there was enough in the world to feed all but much of it was monopolized by a single group. Gandhi tried hard to equalize the people of India and fairly disperse the food and essentials. (Economic Ideals of Gandhi) || Gandhi's promotion of the simple life firmly influenced the way that he himself lived. He did not wear fancy clothes and he was well known for fasting and using other methods to promote his ideas. He was constantly on strict and limiting diets and much of his time and money was spent on others. || Gandhi wanted India to gain their independence and a large part of their dependency on England was the cloth. He strongly encouraged the people of India to make their own cloth which effected their independence and the economy of England. ||

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Movie On the Works of Gandhi
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= Gandhi Quiz = 1) What was Gandhi’s first name? a. Mahatma  b. Gandhi  c. Mohandas  2) How old was Gandhi when he married? a. 9 b. 13 c. 24 3) What did Gandhi go to college for? a. Law  b. Social Work  c. Religion   4) How did Gandhi die? a. Suicide b. Assassinated c. Natural causes 5) What was Gandhi’s newspaper called?  a. The Indian Opinion  b. Independent India  c. Articles by the Mahatma  6) How many children did Gandhi have? a. 4 b. 0 c. 7 7) What was the religion of Gandhi’s mother? a. Jain  b. Hindu  c. Muslim  8) What was Gandhi’s father’s occupation? a. Prime minister b. Police chief c. Hindu priest 9) What state in India was Gandhi born in? a. New Delhi  b. Porbandar State  c. Mumbai  10) What was Gandhi most famous for doing? a. Liberating North Africa b. Being a non-tolerant religious fanatic c. Spreading a message of peace an non-violence 1) C 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) A 6) A 7) A 8) A 9) B 10) C

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Works Cited “Biography of Mahatma Gandhi.” //http://www.indianchild.com//. Freedom Fighters of India, n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . “Economic Ideals of Gandhi.” //http://www.mapsofindia.com//. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . //Gandhi//. N.d. //www.teachnet.com//. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Mar. 2010. . //Gandhi as a child//. N.d. //www.room111heroes.com//. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Mar. 2010. . “Gandhi Biography.” //www.iloveindia.com//. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . “Gandhi in London- 1931.” //http://timelines.tv//. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . //Gandhi picking up salt//. N.d. //http://www.calpeacepower.org//. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Mar. 2010. . “Gandhi Salt March.” //www.thenagain.info//. India and Southern Asia Chronology, n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . “Gandhi’s Religion.” //http://www.jstor.org//. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . “Kasturba Gandhi.” //http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu//. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . “Mahatma Gandhi Assassinated.” //www.highbeam.com//. History Today, n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . “Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948).” //http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi//. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. . “Mohandas Gandhi Quotes.” //http://www.brainyquote.com///‌. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Mar. 2010. . “The 1930 Salt March.” //http://www.dadalos.org//. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Mar. 2010. . “Economic Ideals of Gandhi.” //http://www.mapsofindia.com///‌. Maps of India, n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2010. . Gandhi, Mohatma. //The Story of My Experiments With Truth//. N.p.: n.p., 1993. Print. “Mahatma Gandhi.” //http://www.lucidcafe.com///‌. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2010. <http://www.lucidcafe.com/‌library/‌95oct/‌mkgandhi.html>. Zimmermann, Gerhard. “Gandhi.” //http://www.dadalos.org///‌. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2010. <http://www.dadalos.org/‌int/‌vorbilder/‌vorbilder/‌gandhi/‌gandhi.htm>.