Henri+de+Toulouse-Lautrec



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 * Accomplishments **

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was born in Albi, France on November 24, 1864 in Hôtel du Bose, the home of his paternal grandmother. He was born into the aristocratic family the Counts of Toulouse with father Count Alphonse de Toulouse Lautrec. At age four Henri began to show inclinations towards art. While at a cousin’s christening, he drew a cow in the register. By age ten, Henri developed a strong passion for drawing. He would cover the pages of his schoolbooks with sketches of animals, boats or figures that would express his innate sense of observation. At age thirteen, Henri had a tragic fall on the polished floor of Hôtel du Bose and broke his left leg. Then at age fourteen he fell down as slope in a field at Barèges, rolling into a ditch and breaking his right leg. These terrible accidents left him standing at a height of only four-and-a-half feet tall as an adult; His legs were child-sized while the rest of his body developed to an adult size. During his recovery for both of his legs, Henri sketched more and began to paint seriously, making about three hundred drawings in 1880 alone. During this time, Henri met the deaf-mute acquaintance of his father, René Princeteau, an animal painter. Under Princeteau’s influence, Henri drew sketches and painted pictures of horses and other animals.
 * Early Life**

In March 1882, Henri traveled to Paris to study art. Here he stayed with Princeteau and another animal painter, John Lewis Brown. These two artists introduced Henri to the park Bois de Boulogne, Parisian racecourses, and the Cirque Fernando. While in Paris, Henri enrolled into the studio of Léon Bonnat. Bonnat looked at his work and remarked, “Your painting isn’t bad. It’s clever, but still isn’t bad. Your drawing on the other hand is simply atrocious.”(Cooper 19) By the end of 1882, Bonnat closed his studio and Henri enrolled at the École des Beaux-Arts (School of Beautiful Arts) under Ferdinand Cormon, where he stayed until 1885. Under Cormon, Henri was not as stressed and not criticized as much as with Bonnat, attributing to his work from 1883 to 1885.
 * Paris**

During 1886 and 1887, Henri was painting in the tight-stroked form of Impressionism, but by 1888 he began to have more of an elongated, free-flowing stroke for outlines and a tight, detailed stroke for the inside and textures. Japanese prints heavily influenced him with their simple curves and lines with bold, flat colors to bring out details. Through the influence of Japanese prints, Henri was able to create his own style of art, //Art Nouveau,// the blend of stylization, invention, decoration, and humor. This was a new beginning, a new way to recapture style in art.
 * Impressionism, Japanese prints, and //Art Nouveau//**

Henri designed a total of thirty posters. His most productive years were from 1893 to 1895 when he created four or five each year and in 1896 he created eight. From 1891 to 1892 he created six and from 1899 to 1900 he created only two. Some of Henri’s most famous posters were those of the Moulin Rouge, Jane Avril and Aristide Bruant. Yvette Guilbert was used in several of his posters. Her silhouette was in //Le Divan Japonais// in 1892and //Les Ambassadeurs, Gens Chics// in 1893. In 1894 Henri met Guilbert and by that time she was famous. He then continued to use her for a series of portraits of her. [|ttp://www.lautrec.info/clip-art.html] [] [] Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was a very influential artist of his time. He broke out of the Impressionist phase and created his own //Art Nouveau//. Unfortunately, alcoholism succumbed him and he died on September, 1901 at age thirty-six in the care of his parents. His last words were, "The old fool!" translated as, "Le vieux imbécile!" (Johnson and Witten)
 * Yvette Guilbert and Posters**

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**Social, Economic, and Political Chart** media type="custom" key="5612725"
 * ~ Social ||~ Economic ||~ Political ||
 * The Toulouse-Lautrec family all rode horses, went shooting or fishing, and talked of the sports into the late evening. But most of all, the Toulouse-Lautrec family drew. (Cooper 10) || Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec grew up in a rich family: the semi-royal Counts of Toulouse. (Cooper 9) || His ancestors were notable soldiers. His great uncle was Marquis de Lafayette. (Cooper 9) ||
 * His father, Count Alphonse, dressed in a fashion that was half-warlike, half-sporting. He also enjoyed dressing in a strange manner at times. (Cooper 10) || France began to industrialize as the rest of Europe had. By the end of the 19th century, France was still behind in the game of industry but was catching up. || When Henri was born, Napoleon III’s Second Empire was still in effect. In 1870, this empire fell. ||
 * Henri saw himself as leading a Bohemian life. He stated in a letter to his grandmother, “I am leading a Bohemian life and I find it difficult to accustom myself to such a milieu. Indeed one of the chief reasons why I do no feel at my ease on the Butte Montmartre is that I am hampered by a host of sentimental ties which I must absolutely forget if I want to achieve anything.” (qtd. In Cooper 11) || The Bourgeoisie had a powerful influence of the economy. They did not want to pay taxes for something that did not benefit them directly. || In 1880 France participated in the scramble for Africa, taking land for colonies. France gained a good bit of land, creating many colonies and even having one country be a part of France itself. ||
 * Henri got along with everyone. Even though he was often ridiculed for his height, he went out and enjoyed himself while drinking at cabarets. (Cooper 11-12) || The peasantry was becoming a working class, the Proletariat. Because of the industrialization, the peasants lost their small amounts of land to others and began to work in the factories, increasing the goods produced in France. || After Napoleon III’s Second Empire fell, the Third Republice came into affect. France was no longer ruling under a monarchy and had become a democracy. ||
 * Henri was influenced by Japanese design. The bold, simple colors and curved, intimate lines helped him to develop his own, new style of art: //Art Nouveau//. (Cooper 23-24) || Resources were coming in from Africa from 1880 to 1900 as the scramble for Africa ensued. The French would trade from Africa, taking their goods to use at home for their benefit. || The Franco-Prussian War was one between Prussia, now part of modern day Germany, and France. Prussia under Otto von Bismarck’s rule, was expanding and took over the territory of Alsece-Lorraine in the northeastern part of France. Germany and France fought but France was eventually defeated in the end. ||


 * Works Cited**

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